قارن الطرق

	الأنثروبولوجيا المؤسسية	الإثنوغرافيا	النظرية المجذرة
المجال	نوعي	نوعي	البحث النوعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1970s–1987 (developed through the 1970s–80s; consolidated in Smith 1987, 2005)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1967
صاحب الطريقة	Dorothy E. Smith	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
النوع	Qualitative research method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Method
المصدر التأسيسي	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
الأسماء البديلة	IE, sociology for people, institutional ethnographic inquiry, Smith's institutional ethnography	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	GT, Grounded Theory Approach
ذات صلة	6	5	3
الملخص	Institutional Ethnography (IE) is a qualitative research method developed by Canadian sociologist Dorothy E. Smith that investigates how people's everyday lives are shaped and coordinated by institutional texts, rules, and relations of power. Starting from the lived experience of individuals in a particular standpoint, IE traces the social organization that governs their work and troubles — revealing how macro-level institutions operate through the micro-level activities of real people.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.