قارن الطرق

	الأنثروبولوجيا المؤسسية	الإثنوغرافيا
المجال	نوعي	نوعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1970s–1987 (developed through the 1970s–80s; consolidated in Smith 1987, 2005)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
صاحب الطريقة	Dorothy E. Smith	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
النوع	Qualitative research method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
المصدر التأسيسي	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
الأسماء البديلة	IE, sociology for people, institutional ethnographic inquiry, Smith's institutional ethnography	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
ذات صلة	6	5
الملخص	Institutional Ethnography (IE) is a qualitative research method developed by Canadian sociologist Dorothy E. Smith that investigates how people's everyday lives are shaped and coordinated by institutional texts, rules, and relations of power. Starting from the lived experience of individuals in a particular standpoint, IE traces the social organization that governs their work and troubles — revealing how macro-level institutions operate through the micro-level activities of real people.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.