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اختبار ت للعينات المستقلة×تحليل التباين متعدد المتغيرات (MANOVA)×
المجالالإحصاءالإحصاء
العائلةHypothesis testHypothesis test
سنة النشأة19081932
صاحب الطريقةStudent (W. S. Gosset)Samuel Stanley Wilks (Wilks' Lambda, 1932); Roy, Hotelling, Pillai (mid-20th c.)
النوعParametric mean comparisonParametric multivariate mean comparison
المصدر التأسيسيStudent (1908). The probable error of a mean. Biometrika, 6(1), 1–25. DOI ↗Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574
الأسماء البديلةstudent t-test, two-sample t-test, unpaired t-test, bağımsız örneklem t-testiMultivariate ANOVA, Çok Değişkenli ANOVA (MANOVA)
ذات صلة45
الملخصThe independent samples t-test is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of two independent groups to decide whether they differ significantly. It builds on the t-distribution introduced by Student (W. S. Gosset) in 1908 and assumes the measured values are continuous, approximately normally distributed, and have equal variances.MANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares group means across multiple continuous dependent variables, controlling the inflation of Type I error that would result from running separate ANOVAs. Key multivariate test statistics — Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace, Hotelling-Lawley Trace, and Roy's Greatest Root — were developed between the 1930s and 1950s, with Wilks' Lambda formalised by Samuel Stanley Wilks in 1932.
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ScholarGateقارن الطرق: Independent t-test · MANOVA. استُرجع بتاريخ 2026-06-20 من https://scholargate.app/ar/compare