قارن الطرق

	نموذج هوف	نماذج الهجرة (الدفع والجذب / متعددة المناطق)	نماذج التفاعل المكاني (الجاذبية)
المجال	التحليل المكاني	علم السكان	التحليل المكاني
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1964	1966	1971
صاحب الطريقة	David Huff	Everett Lee	Alan Wilson (entropy-maximizing family)
النوع	Probabilistic spatial interaction model	Theoretical-quantitative migration framework	Model of flows between spatial origins and destinations
المصدر التأسيسي	Huff, D. L. (1964). Defining and estimating a trading area. Journal of Marketing, 28(3), 34–38.	Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57.	Wilson, A. G. (1971). A family of spatial interaction models, and associated developments. Environment and Planning A, 3(1), 1–32.
الأسماء البديلة	Huff Gravity Model, Probabilistic Retail Gravity Model, Huff Trade Area Model, Huff Çekim Modeli	Push-Pull Migration Theory, Multiregional Migration Model, Lee Migration Framework, Göç Modelleri	gravity model, spatial interaction model, competing destinations model, mekânsal etkileşim modeli
ذات صلة	3	3	4
الملخص	Proposed by David Huff in 1964, the Huff Model is a probabilistic spatial interaction model that estimates the likelihood that consumers located in a given geographic zone will choose to shop at a particular retail outlet. It extends deterministic gravity models by assigning each consumer zone a probability of patronage across all competing stores, weighting store attractiveness (typically measured by floor area) against the friction of travel time or distance. The model is widely used in retail site selection, trade area delineation, and market share forecasting.	Migration models are quantitative frameworks for explaining and forecasting population movement between geographic units. Lee's (1966) push-pull theory classifies factors at origin and destination into positive and negative forces, modulated by intervening obstacles. Widely used by demographers, regional planners, and policy researchers to project labor mobility, refugee flows, and urbanization trends across national and subnational geographies.	Spatial interaction models predict the volume of flows — migrants, commuters, shoppers, trade, trips — between origins and destinations as a function of the size of each place and the distance or cost separating them. By analogy to Newton's gravity, interaction rises with the 'mass' of origin and destination and falls with separation, and Wilson's 1971 entropy-maximizing family put these models on a rigorous footing for transport, migration, and retail analysis.