قارن الطرق

	مقياس جودة خدمة الفنادق	مقياس الارتباط بالمكان
المجال	إدارة السياحة	إدارة السياحة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2003	1992
صاحب الطريقة	Getty, J. M., & Getty, R. L.	Williams, D. R.; Vaske, J. J.
النوع	Self-report questionnaire / Expectancy-disconfirmation scale	Self-report questionnaire
المصدر التأسيسي	Getty, J. M., & Getty, R. L. (2003). Lodging quality index (LQI): Assessing Expectations and Perceptions of Lodging Quality. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(2), 33-46.	Williams, D. R., & Vaske, J. J. (1992). The measurement of place attachment: Valid and reliable instruments for natural environments. Society and Natural Resources, 15(3), 271-280.
الأسماء البديلة	HSQS, Lodging Quality Index, LQI	PAS, Destination Attachment Scale
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	The Hotel Service Quality Scale (HSQS), including the Lodging Quality Index (LQI) developed by Getty & Getty (2003), measures guest perceptions of hotel service quality across multiple dimensions (room comfort, staff responsiveness, facilities, value). Using expectancy-disconfirmation theory, it captures not only perceived quality but the gap between expectations and reality, enabling precise diagnosis of service strengths and improvement priorities. Essential for hospitality managers seeking competitive positioning through service excellence and for franchisees maintaining brand standards.	The Place Attachment Scale (PAS), developed by Williams & Vaske (1992) and refined by Jorgensen & Stedman (2001), measures individuals' emotional and functional bonds to destinations—the extent to which places become integral to identity and sense of belonging. Comprising dimensions of place identity (destination as self-definition), place dependence (destination optimizes one's activities), emotional bonds (love, comfort), and community belonging, the PAS distinguishes deep loyalty-drivers from transactional satisfaction. Essential for understanding repeat visitation, community tourism governance, heritage conservation, and destination branding strategies that cultivate belonging.