قارن الطرق

	نموذج خليط النمو (GMM)	نمذجة المعادلات البنيوية (SEM)
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1999	1970
صاحب الطريقة	Bengt O. Muthén & Kerby Shedden	Karl Jöreskog (LISREL framework, 1970s)
النوع	Latent class / longitudinal growth model	Latent variable / causal modeling
المصدر التأسيسي	Muthén, B. O. & Shedden, K. (1999). Finite Mixture Modeling with Mixture Outcomes Using the EM Algorithm. Biometrics, 55(2), 463–469.	Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1473756540
الأسماء البديلة	Büyüme Karışım Modeli (Growth Mixture Model — GMM), GMM, latent class growth analysis extension, mixture latent growth curve model	Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (SEM), structural equation modelling, covariance structure analysis, latent variable modeling
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	The Growth Mixture Model, introduced by Muthén and Shedden in 1999, is a longitudinal latent variable method that identifies distinct subpopulations — latent trajectory classes — each following its own growth curve over time. It extends the standard Latent Growth Curve (LGC) model by allowing the sample to be composed of an unknown mixture of classes with different intercepts, slopes, and variance structures.	Structural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical framework that simultaneously estimates a measurement model — relating observed indicators to latent constructs — and a structural model specifying directional or reciprocal relationships among those constructs. Rooted in the LISREL tradition developed by Karl Jöreskog in the 1970s, SEM is the standard tool for testing complex theoretical models in the social, behavioural, and management sciences.