قارن الطرق

	نظام تقييم المباني الخضراء	محاكاة ضوء النهار	تقييم الراحة الحرارية
المجال	العمارة	العمارة	العمارة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1998	2006	1972
صاحب الطريقة	U.S. Green Building Council	Christoph Reinhart, John Mardaljevic	Povl Ole Fanger
النوع	multi-criteria sustainability rating system	computational daylighting assessment method	psychrometric comfort assessment method
المصدر التأسيسي	U.S. Green Building Council (2021). LEED v4.1 for Building Design and Construction. USGBC.	Reinhart, C. F., Mardaljevic, J., Rogers, Z. (2010). Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design. Leukos, 3(1), 7-31.	Fanger, P. O. (1972). Thermal Comfort: Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering. Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen.
الأسماء البديلة	LEED certification, green building assessment, sustainability rating	daylighting analysis, illuminance simulation, daylight availability assessment	thermal comfort evaluation, adaptive comfort model, PMV-PPD analysis
ذات صلة	3	3	3
الملخص	Green Building Rating Systems are standardized frameworks for assessing and certifying the environmental performance and sustainability of buildings. The most widely known is LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), established by the U.S. Green Building Council in 1998. Similar systems exist globally (BREEAM in UK, Passivhaus in Europe), each using structured criteria to evaluate design and performance across multiple environmental dimensions.	Daylight Simulation is a computational method for predicting the availability and distribution of daylight in interior spaces and assessing visual comfort under varying sky conditions. Developed by researchers like Christoph Reinhart and John Mardaljevic in the 2000s, it has become central to designing healthy, energy-efficient buildings that maximize natural light while controlling glare.	Thermal Comfort Assessment is a method for evaluating indoor environmental conditions to predict whether occupants will feel thermally comfortable. Pioneered by Povl Ole Fanger in the 1970s, it combines measurements of air temperature, humidity, air speed, and thermal properties of clothing and activity to determine comfort zones and identify remedial actions.