قارن الطرق

	الانحدار الجغرافي المقطوع	الإسقاطات المحلية
المجال	الاقتصاد القياسي	الاقتصاد القياسي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2010	2005
صاحب الطريقة	Melissa Dell and colleagues	Oscar Jorda
النوع	Spatial quasi-experiment	Multi-horizon regression
المصدر التأسيسي	Dell, M. (2018). The persistent effects of Peru's mining mita. Econometrica, 78(6), 1863-1911.	Jorda, O. (2005). Estimation and inference of impulse responses by local projections. American Economic Review, 95(1), 161-182.
الأسماء البديلة	Spatial RD, Geographic RDD	LP-IR, Multi-horizon regression
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Geographic Regression Discontinuity (GRD) is a quasi-experimental design that exploits sharp geographic boundaries—borders, policy boundaries, or natural features—to estimate causal effects. Introduced by Dell (2010) and others, it compares outcomes on either side of a boundary where treatment changes abruptly, leveraging the idea that units on opposite sides of a border are otherwise similar. This approach yields credible causal estimates for spatially localized policies, institutional changes, and natural phenomena.	Local Projections (LP) is a semi-parametric method for estimating impulse responses directly via multi-horizon regressions, bypassing VAR-model specification. Introduced by Jorda (2005), it projects outcomes h periods ahead onto current shocks and lags, producing impulse-response functions without assuming a particular lag structure or VAR order. This flexibility has made it the dominant approach in applied macroeconomics for measuring policy effects and shock transmission.