قارن الطرق

	تحليل العوامل لتطوير المقاييس	بناء مقياس ليكرت
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1947	1932
صاحب الطريقة	Louis Thurstone	Rensis Likert
النوع	Exploratory factor analysis methodology	Summated rating scale methodology
المصدر التأسيسي	Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple-Factor Analysis: A Development and Expansion of the Vectors of Mind (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 9780226797557	Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 1-55.
الأسماء البديلة	Exploratory factor analysis, EFA for scale development, Factorial structure analysis	Likert summated rating scale, Summated rating scale construction
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a statistical method for discovering the underlying dimensional structure of a set of items or variables. Pioneered by Louis Thurstone in the mid-20th century, EFA is widely used to develop and validate psychometric scales by identifying groups of items that correlate together, thereby revealing latent dimensions of the construct being measured. The method reduces item sets to a smaller number of interpretable factors.	Likert scale construction is a systematic methodology for developing attitude measurement instruments using summated rating scales. Introduced by Rensis Likert in 1932, it enables researchers to quantify latent constructs such as attitudes, beliefs, and psychological states by aggregating responses across multiple items. The method remains foundational to quantitative social and health sciences research.