قارن الطرق

	مقياس التوجه الريادي	مقياس القدرة الاستيعابية
المجال	الإدارة الاستراتيجية	الإدارة الاستراتيجية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1983	2002
صاحب الطريقة	Danny Miller	Shaker Zahra and Gerard George
النوع	Organizational self-report questionnaire	Organizational self-report questionnaire
المصدر التأسيسي	Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–791.	Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185–203.
الأسماء البديلة	EO Scale, Miller Scale	ACAP, Zahra-George Scale
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	The Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) Scale, developed by Danny Miller (1983), measures the extent to which an organization exhibits strategic postures characteristic of entrepreneurship. It assesses three core dimensions—innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness—that distinguish entrepreneurial from conservative firms. This framework has become foundational in strategic management research and organizational behavior.	Absorptive Capacity (ACAP) refers to an organization's ability to acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit external knowledge to enhance innovation and performance. Zahra and George (2002) reconceptualized absorptive capacity into four distinct but interrelated processes in their foundational Academy of Management Review article. This measurement scale captures organizational learning dynamics and knowledge-based competitive advantage, making it essential for assessing innovation capability and knowledge management effectiveness.