قارن الطرق

	مقياس الإرهاق العاطفي	مقياس الضغط المُدرَك
المجال	السلوك التنظيمي	السلوك التنظيمي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1981	1983
صاحب الطريقة	Christina Maslach and Susan E. Jackson	Sheldon Cohen, Tom Kamarck, and Robin Mermelstein
النوع	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
المصدر التأسيسي	Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113.	Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396.
الأسماء البديلة	MBI-EE, Emotional Exhaustion Subscale	PSS
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	The Emotional Exhaustion subscale is one of three core dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), developed by Maslach and Jackson in 1981. Emotional exhaustion represents the first stage of burnout, characterized by feeling emotionally drained, fatigued, and depleted as a result of work. The nine-item subscale measures the frequency of exhaustion, energy depletion, and tiredness. It is the strongest dimension of burnout, most closely predicting negative outcomes such as intent to leave, absenteeism, and health problems.	The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), developed by Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein in 1983, is the most widely used measure of subjective stress in research and clinical practice. Available in 10-item (PSS-10) and 14-item (PSS-14) versions, the PSS assesses the degree to which individuals perceive situations as unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overwhelming. The scale captures stress as a result of how people interpret and react to life events rather than the events themselves.