قارن الطرق

	خوارزمية التوقع-تعظيم (EM)	تقدير الاحتمالية القصوى	MICE
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Machine learning	Regression model	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1977	1922	2011
صاحب الطريقة	Dempster, Laird & Rubin	R. A. Fisher	Stef van Buuren & Karin Groothuis-Oudshoorn
النوع	Iterative optimization algorithm	Parametric point estimator	Iterative multiple imputation algorithm
المصدر التأسيسي	Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977). Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 39(1), 1–38.	Fisher, R. A. (1922). On the mathematical foundations of theoretical statistics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 222, 309–368.	van Buuren, S., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011). mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1–67.
الأسماء البديلة	EM, Expectation-Maximization, Maximum Likelihood via Incomplete Data, BM Algoritması	MLE, maximum-likelihood estimator, ML estimation, Fisher's method of maximum likelihood	Fully Conditional Specification, Sequential Regression Multivariate Imputation, Chained Equations Imputation, Zincirleme Denklemlerle Çoklu Atama
ذات صلة	2	4	3
الملخص	The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative optimization procedure for finding maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori estimates of parameters in statistical models with latent variables or missing data. Introduced by Dempster, Laird, and Rubin in their landmark 1977 paper, EM alternates between computing the expected complete-data log-likelihood (E-step) and maximizing it with respect to the parameters (M-step), guaranteeing monotone non-decreasing likelihood at each iteration.	Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is a general-purpose parametric method for estimating the unknown parameters of a statistical model by finding the parameter values that make the observed data most probable. Formalized by R. A. Fisher in his landmark 1922 paper in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, MLE has become the dominant parameter-estimation paradigm in modern statistics and is the foundational engine behind logistic regression, generalized linear models, structural equation modeling, and virtually all parametric inference procedures.	Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE) is an iterative procedure for handling missing data in multivariate datasets. Introduced by Stef van Buuren and Karin Groothuis-Oudshoorn through the R package mice (2011), the algorithm fills each missing variable using a separate regression model conditioned on all other variables, cycling through variables repeatedly until the imputed values converge. The result is m completed datasets that are analysed separately and combined using Rubin's rules.