قارن الطرق

	مسح المسافات	تحليل جدوى التجمعات السكانية (Population Viability Analysis)
المجال	علم البيئة	علم البيئة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1993	1981
صاحب الطريقة	Stephen Buckland	Mark Shaffer
النوع	population abundance estimation	extinction risk assessment
المصدر التأسيسي	Buckland, S. T., Anderson, D. R., Burnham, K. P., Laake, J. L., Borchers, D. L., & Thomas, L. (1993). Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations. Chapman and Hall, London.	Shaffer, M. L. (1981). Minimum population sizes for species conservation. BioScience, 31(2), 131-134.
الأسماء البديلة	line transect, point transect, distance estimation, detection probability	PVA, extinction risk, minimum viable population, MVP
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Distance sampling is a statistical method for estimating population abundance from data on distances between observers and detected individuals. Developed by Buckland and colleagues (1993) and formalized in the software Distance, this approach accounts for imperfect detection: animals far from an observer are less likely to be detected. By modeling the detection function (probability of detecting an animal at various distances), distance sampling produces unbiased estimates of abundance and density even when detection is incomplete.	Population Viability Analysis (PVA), introduced by Shaffer (1981), estimates the probability that a population will persist over a given time period under specified conditions. PVA combines demographic models (Leslie matrices, IPMs) with stochastic simulation to project population trajectories, quantifying extinction risk. This allows conservation planners to assess whether a population will likely persist, evaluate management scenarios, and estimate the minimum viable population (MVP) size for long-term persistence. PVA is a decision-support tool, not a precise predictor.