قارن الطرق

	نموذج DINA	تحليل الشرط الضروري
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	2001	2016
صاحب الطريقة	Brian Junker, Klaas Sijtsma	Jan Dul
النوع	Discrete latent class model	Set-theoretic configurational analysis
المصدر التأسيسي	Junker, B. W., & Sijtsma, K. (2001). Cognitive assessment models with few assumptions, and connections with nonparametric item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25(3), 258-272.	Dul, J. (2016). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA): Logic and methodology of "necessary but not sufficient" causality. Organizational Research Methods, 19(1), 10-52.
الأسماء البديلة	DINA	NCA
ذات صلة	4	5
الملخص	The DINA Model (Deterministic Inputs, Noisy Outputs) is a cognitive diagnostic model developed by Junker and Sijtsma (2001) that classifies examinees into latent skill classes based on their item response patterns. DINA assumes a deterministic relationship between skill mastery and correct responses, with probabilistic error accounting for guessing and slips.	Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) is a set-theoretic method developed by Dul (2016) that identifies conditions necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for an outcome to occur. Unlike regression, which estimates average effects, NCA identifies absolute thresholds: conditions that must be present at a certain level for the outcome to be possible, regardless of other factors.