قارن الطرق

	طريقة التقييم المشروط	معادلة شليسكي	منهج تكلفة السفر
المجال	الاقتصاد	الاقتصاد	الاقتصاد
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Regression model	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1963	1915	1949
صاحب الطريقة	Robert Davis	Eugen Slutsky	Harold Hotelling
النوع	Stated preference valuation method	Demand decomposition identity	Revealed preference recreation demand model
المصدر التأسيسي	Mitchell, R. C., & Carson, R. T. (1989). Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Resources for the Future.	Slutsky, E. E. (1915). On the Theory of the Budget of the Consumer. In G. J. Stigler & K. E. Boulding (Eds.), Readings in Price Theory, 27–56.	Hotelling, H. (1949). An Economic Study of the Monetary Valuation of Recreation in the National Parks. U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service.
الأسماء البديلة	CVM, Willingness-to-Pay Survey, WTP Elicitation	Slutsky Decomposition, Income and Substitution Effects	TCM, Recreation Demand Model, Zonal Travel Cost
ذات صلة	3	2	2
الملخص	Contingent Valuation (CVM), developed by Robert Davis in the 1960s, is a survey-based method for estimating the economic value of non-market environmental goods and services—such as wilderness preservation, air quality, or species protection—by directly asking people their willingness to pay (WTP) for specified improvements or willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for losses. It provides a valuation where market prices do not exist.	The Slutsky equation, derived by Russian economist Eugen Slutsky in 1915, is a fundamental identity in microeconomics that decomposes the total change in demand for a good into two effects: the substitution effect and the income effect. Formalizing John Hicks' later interpretation, it provides the mathematical foundation for understanding consumer response to price changes and for distinguishing welfare-relevant demand responses.	The Travel Cost Method (TCM), developed by Harold Hotelling in 1949 and formalized by Marion Clawson and Jack Knetsch in the 1960s, is an econometric approach for valuing recreational sites and environmental amenities by inferring value from the travel costs (transportation, time, entry fees) that people incur to visit them. The core principle is that distance traveled and travel costs reveal how much people value a recreation site: those traveling far incur high costs, implying high value.