قارن الطرق

	تحليل العمليات الشرطية (الوساطة المعتدلة)	تحليل الوساطة السببية (التأثيرات المباشرة وغير المباشرة الطبيعية)	انحدار المربعات الصغرى العادية (OLS)
المجال	الاستدلال السببي	الاستدلال السببي	الاقتصاد القياسي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2018	2010	2019
صاحب الطريقة	Andrew F. Hayes (PROCESS framework); Preacher, Rucker & Hayes (moderated mediation)	Pearl (2001); general framework by Imai, Keele & Tingley (2010)	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares
النوع	Regression-based conditional process model	Counterfactual causal decomposition	Linear regression
المصدر التأسيسي	Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1462534654	Pearl, J. (2001). Direct and Indirect Effects. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), 411-420.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860
الأسماء البديلة	moderated mediation, moderated mediation analysis, PROCESS model, Hayes PROCESS conditional process model	natural direct effect, natural indirect effect, NDE / NIE decomposition, counterfactual mediation	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu
ذات صلة	5	5	5
الملخص	Conditional process analysis is Andrew F. Hayes's regression-based PROCESS framework (2018) that combines mediation and moderation in a single model, testing how an indirect effect changes across levels of a moderator. It quantifies conditional indirect and conditional direct effects and tests them with bootstrap confidence intervals.	Causal mediation analysis is a counterfactual framework that splits a treatment's total effect into a Natural Direct Effect (NDE) and a Natural Indirect Effect (NIE) that runs through a mediator. The modern general approach was formalised by Pearl (2001) and Imai, Keele and Tingley (2010), giving the decomposition a precise causal interpretation.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).