قارن الطرق

	تحليل الوساطة السببية (التأثيرات المباشرة وغير المباشرة الطبيعية)	انحدار المربعات الصغرى العادية (OLS)
المجال	الاستدلال السببي	الاقتصاد القياسي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2010	2019
صاحب الطريقة	Pearl (2001); general framework by Imai, Keele & Tingley (2010)	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares
النوع	Counterfactual causal decomposition	Linear regression
المصدر التأسيسي	Pearl, J. (2001). Direct and Indirect Effects. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), 411-420.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860
الأسماء البديلة	natural direct effect, natural indirect effect, NDE / NIE decomposition, counterfactual mediation	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	Causal mediation analysis is a counterfactual framework that splits a treatment's total effect into a Natural Direct Effect (NDE) and a Natural Indirect Effect (NIE) that runs through a mediator. The modern general approach was formalised by Pearl (2001) and Imai, Keele and Tingley (2010), giving the decomposition a precise causal interpretation.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).