قارن الطرق

	محاكاة البوتستراب مع البيانات المفقودة	أخذ العينات بجيبس مع البيانات المفقودة
المجال	بايزي	بايزي
العائلة	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
سنة النشأة	1979–1990s	1987–1990
صاحب الطريقة	Bradley Efron (bootstrap); missing-data extensions by Efron, Little, Rubin and others	Tanner & Wong (data augmentation), Gelfand & Smith (Gibbs sampler)
النوع	Resampling simulation	Bayesian computational method
المصدر التأسيسي	Efron, B. & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993). An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-0412042317	Tanner, M. A. & Wong, W. H. (1987). The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82(398), 528–540.
الأسماء البديلة	bootstrap with missing data, bootstrap imputation simulation, resampling under missingness, bootstrap MI	data augmentation Gibbs sampler, Gibbs sampler with data augmentation, Bayesian imputation via Gibbs sampling, MCMC missing data imputation
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	Bootstrap simulation with missing data combines resampling-based variance estimation with principled handling of incomplete observations. Rather than deleting cases or assuming complete data, the method integrates imputation or weighting directly into the bootstrap loop, propagating the additional uncertainty due to missingness into the final standard errors and confidence intervals.	Gibbs sampling with missing data treats unobserved values as additional unknowns alongside model parameters and samples all of them jointly within a Markov chain Monte Carlo loop. The method alternates between drawing the missing values from their conditional distribution given the parameters and drawing the parameters from their conditional distribution given the completed data, producing a posterior over both simultaneously.