قارن الطرق

	الاستدلال بالتمهيد	تحليل غلاف البيانات الشبكي (Network DEA)
المجال	الإحصاء	تحليل الكفاءة
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1979	2000
صاحب الطريقة	Bradley Efron	Färe & Grosskopf
النوع	Resampling-based inference	Multi-stage nonparametric efficiency model
المصدر التأسيسي	Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1-26.	Färe, R., & Grosskopf, S. (2000). Network DEA. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 34(1), 35–49.
الأسماء البديلة	bootstrap, bootstrap resampling, nonparametric bootstrap, Bootstrap Çıkarımı	Network Data Envelopment Analysis, Network Efficiency Analysis, Multi-Stage DEA, Ağ Veri Zarflama Analizi
ذات صلة	5	2
الملخص	Bootstrap inference, introduced by Bradley Efron in 1979, estimates the sampling distribution of a statistic by repeatedly resampling the observed data with replacement. It requires no distributional assumption and produces reliable confidence intervals even in small samples.	Network Data Envelopment Analysis (Network DEA) is a nonparametric efficiency measurement framework introduced by Färe and Grosskopf (2000) that extends classical DEA to multi-stage or multi-division production processes. Rather than treating a decision-making unit as a black box, it explicitly models the internal structure — the divisions and the intermediate products that flow between them — enabling stage-level and overall efficiency scores to be estimated simultaneously within a single coherent model.