قارن الطرق

	تصحيح بونفيروني	اختبار شيفيه (Scheffé Test)
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سنة النشأة	1961	1953
صاحب الطريقة	Carlo Emilio Bonferroni; formalized for multiple comparisons by Olive Jean Dunn	Henry Scheffé
النوع	Family-wise error rate (FWER) correction	Post-hoc multiple comparison test
المصدر التأسيسي	Bonferroni, C. E. (1936). Teoria statistica delle classi e calcolo delle probabilità. Pubblicazioni del R Istituto Superiore di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali di Firenze, 8, 3–62.	Scheffé, H. (1953). A method for judging all contrasts in the analysis of variance. Biometrika, 40(1–2), 87–110.
الأسماء البديلة	Bonferroni adjustment, Bonferroni method, Bonferroni procedure, FWER correction	Scheffe test, Scheffe method, Scheffé post-hoc test, S-method
ذات صلة	5	3
الملخص	The Bonferroni correction is a conservative, universally applicable method for controlling the family-wise error rate (FWER) when conducting multiple simultaneous hypothesis tests. Grounded in Bonferroni's 1936 probability inequality and formalized for multiple comparisons by Olive Jean Dunn in 1961, the procedure divides the target significance level α by the number of tests m, ensuring that the probability of making even one false rejection across the entire family of tests does not exceed α.	The Scheffé test is a post-hoc multiple comparison procedure that controls the family-wise error rate simultaneously for all possible linear contrasts among group means following a significant ANOVA. Introduced by Henry Scheffé in his landmark 1953 Biometrika paper, it is the most general and conservative standard post-hoc method, remaining valid regardless of how many or which contrasts are examined after seeing the data.