قارن الطرق

	Angoff Standard Setting	المعادلة الاختبارية (Test Equating)
المجال	Education	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1971	1984 (modern statistical treatment)
صاحب الطريقة	William H. Angoff	Kolen & Brennan (foundational treatise, 2004/2014); Holland & Dorans (2006)
النوع	Test-centered standard-setting procedure for establishing cut scores	Score transformation / latent-scale calibration
المصدر التأسيسي	Cizek, G. J., & Bunch, M. B. (2007). Standard Setting: A Guide to Establishing and Evaluating Performance Standards on Tests. Sage. ISBN: 9781412916820	Kolen, M.J. & Brennan, R.L. (2014). Test Equating, Scaling, and Linking: Methods and Practices (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1-4939-0316-6
الأسماء البديلة	Angoff Method, Modified Angoff Method, Yes/No Angoff, Angoff Cut-Score Procedure	Test Eşitleme (Test Equating), score equating, equipercentile equating, IRT true-score equating
ذات صلة	3	4
الملخص	The Angoff method is a test-centered procedure for establishing a passing score (cut score) on an examination. A panel of content experts conceptualizes a 'borderline' or minimally competent examinee and, for each item, estimates the probability that such an examinee would answer it correctly. Summing those probabilities yields a recommended cut score for each panelist, and averaging across panelists and discussion rounds produces the performance standard. It is among the most widely used standard-setting methods in licensure, certification, and K-12 testing.	Test equating is a family of statistical methods that converts scores earned on one test form onto the score scale of another form, so that scores from different administrations or versions can be compared and reported on a common metric. The foundational modern treatment is Kolen and Brennan (2004/2014); Holland and Dorans (2006) provide the authoritative chapter-length overview within the field of educational measurement.