قارن الطرق

	التدريب الخصومي	تعزيز البيانات	اكتشاف البيانات خارج التوزيع
المجال	التعلم العميق	التعلم العميق	تعلم الآلة
العائلة	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	2018	2019	2017
صاحب الطريقة	Aleksander Madry et al.	Connor Shorten & Taghi Khoshgoftaar	Hendrycks & Gimpel
النوع	Robust optimization training procedure	Regularization / data preprocessing technique	Reliability and safety method for neural networks
المصدر التأسيسي	Madry, A., Makelov, A., Schmidt, L., Tsipras, D., & Vladu, A. (2018). Towards deep learning models resistant to adversarial attacks. International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).	Shorten, C., & Khoshgoftaar, T. M. (2019). A survey on image data augmentation for deep learning. Journal of Big Data, 6, 60.	Hendrycks, D., & Gimpel, K. (2017). A baseline for detecting misclassified and out-of-distribution examples in neural networks. International Conference on Learning Representations.
الأسماء البديلة	Min-Max Robust Training, PGD Adversarial Training, Robust Empirical Risk Minimization, Hasımsal Eğitim	Training Data Augmentation, Image Augmentation, Veri Artırma, Synthetic Data Augmentation	OOD Detection, Novelty Detection, Open-Set Recognition, Dağılım Dışı Tespit
ذات صلة	3	2	3
الملخص	Adversarial Training is a robust optimization procedure for deep neural networks in which the model is trained not on clean data alone but on worst-case perturbed inputs crafted during training. Formalized by Madry et al. (2018) as a min-max saddle-point problem, the method uses Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) to generate strong adversarial examples within a bounded Lp perturbation set before each gradient update, forcing the network to learn decision boundaries that are stable under such perturbations.	Data augmentation is a family of techniques that artificially expands a training dataset by applying label-preserving transformations to existing samples. Originally systematized for image classification tasks, it is now applied broadly across vision, text, audio, and tabular domains. It emerged as a practical answer to the chronic scarcity of labeled data in supervised deep learning and remains a standard preprocessing step in modern neural network pipelines.	Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a set of techniques that identify when a deployed machine learning model receives inputs that differ significantly from its training data distribution. Introduced as a formal problem by Hendrycks and Gimpel in 2017, these methods enable models to flag unfamiliar inputs rather than silently produce unreliable predictions, making them foundational to trustworthy and safe AI deployment in high-stakes domains.