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一个汇集研究方法的目录——了解每种方法如何运作、何时使用以及它做不到什么。

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以内容为本的研究方法参考文库——每种方法是什么、如何运作、源自何处。

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852 种方法 · 决策科学清除
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decision making

P-MOORA

P-MOORA (Plithogenic extension of P-MOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-MULTIMOORA

P-MULTIMOORA (Plithogenic extension of P-MULTIMOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-OCRA

P-OCRA (Plithogenic extension of P-OCRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-PROMETHEE

P-PROMETHEE (Plithogenic extension of P-PROMETHEE) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2019
decision making

P-PSI

P-PSI (Plithogenic extension of P-PSI) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-RAFSI

P-RAFSI (Plithogenic extension of P-RAFSI) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-RAWEC

P-RAWEC (Plithogenic extension of P-RAWEC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-ROV

P-ROV (Plithogenic extension of P-ROV) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-SAW

P-SAW (Plithogenic extension of P-SAW) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-SPOTIS

P-SPOTIS (Plithogenic extension of P-SPOTIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-TODIM

P-TODIM (Plithogenic extension of P-TODIM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-TOPSIS

P-TOPSIS (Plithogenic extension of P-TOPSIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-VIKOR

P-VIKOR (Plithogenic extension of P-VIKOR) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-WASPAS

P-WASPAS (Plithogenic extension of P-WASPAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-WISP

P-WISP (Plithogenic extension of P-WISP) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

P-WPM

P-WPM (Plithogenic extension of P-WPM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Smarandache, F. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

PAM

PAM (Polygons Area Method) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Various authors in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2010
decision making

PAMSSEM-I

PAMSSEM-I (PAMSSEM I — Procédure d'Agrégation Multicritère) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Martel, J. M., Aouni, B. in 1996. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源1996
decision making

PAMSSEM-II

PAMSSEM-II (PAMSSEM II — Total ranking variant) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Martel, J. M., Aouni, B. in 1996. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源1996
child psychiatry

Parent-Child Relationship Inventory

The Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) is a 78-item (or 35-item short form) parent self-report measure of parenting attitudes, behaviors, and relationship quality with their child ages 3–15 years. Developed by Abraham Gerard in 1994, the PCRI assesses six dimensions of parenting: Parental Support, Satisfaction

2 个来源1994
optimization

Particle Swarm Optimization

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a population-based metaheuristic algorithm introduced by Kennedy and Eberhart in 1995, inspired by the collective movement of bird flocks and fish schools. Each candidate solution — called a particle — moves through the search space by updating its velocity and position based on its

2 个来源1995
palliative care

Patient Dignity Inventory

The Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) is a 25-item self-report measure assessing dignity-related distress in patients with advanced cancer and life-limiting illness. Developed by Chochinov and colleagues at the University of Manitoba in 2008, the PDI operationalizes 'dignity' as a multidimensional construct encompassing

2 个来源2008
pediatric medicine

PedsQL Cancer Module

The PedsQL Cancer Module is a 31-item disease-specific instrument developed by Varni et al. in 2002 to measure quality of life in children and adolescents with cancer aged 2–18 years. It captures treatment burden (nausea, vomiting, pain, hair loss), cancer-related worry, cognitive concerns, and emotional and social imp

2 个来源2002
pediatric medicine

PedsQL Cardiac Module

The PedsQL Cardiac Module is a disease-specific instrument developed by Varni et al. in the mid-2000s to measure quality of life in children and adolescents with cardiac disease aged 2–18 years. Measuring across domains including cardiac symptom impact, activity limitations, and cardiac-related worry, it captures how c

2 个来源2005
pediatric medicine

PedsQL Diabetes Module

The PedsQL Diabetes Module is a 28-item disease-specific instrument developed by Varni et al. in 2003 to measure quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It captures the impact of diabetes management, glucose monitoring, and disease-related worry on daily functioning. The module is p

2 个来源2003
developmental assessment

PedsQL Pediatric Quality of Life

The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), developed by James Varni in 2001, is a validated, evidence-based patient-reported outcome measure assessing health-related quality of life in children and adolescents aged 2–18 years. Available in generic core scales and disease-specific modules, it measures physical, e

2 个来源2001
pediatric medicine

PedsQL Sickle Cell Module

The PedsQL Sickle Cell Disease Module is a disease-specific instrument developed by Varni et al. in 2012 to measure quality of life in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease aged 2–18 years. Measuring across domains including pain and symptoms, functional limitations, school impact, and disease-related worry

2 个来源2012
urology gynecology

Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory

The PFDI is a condition-specific quality-of-life measure designed to assess symptom distress across the spectrum of pelvic floor disorders, including urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and fecal incontinence. Originally published by Barber and colleagues in 2001 with 93 items, the 20-item short form (PFDI-20)

2 个来源2001
military psychology

Peritraumatic Distress Inventory

The PDI is a 13-item self-report measure assessing the emotional, physical, and cognitive distress experienced during or immediately after a traumatic event. Developed by Brunet, Akerib, and Birmes in 2001, it captures acute peritraumatic responses (dissociation, fear, confusion) that predict risk for chronic PTSD. It

2 个来源2001
decision making

PF-ARAS

PF-ARAS (Pythagorean extension of ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-COCOSO

PF-COCOSO (PF-CoCoSo — Pythagorean extension of COCOSO) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-CODAS

PF-CODAS (Pythagorean extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-COPRAS

PF-COPRAS (Pythagorean extension of COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-EDAS

PF-EDAS (Pythagorean extension of EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-ELECTRE-II

PF-ELECTRE-II (Pythagorean fuzzy ELECTRE-II for group MCDM) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Akram, M.; Ilyas, F.; Garg, H. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2021
decision making

PF-GRA

PF-GRA (Pythagorean extension of GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-MABAC

PF-MABAC (Pythagorean extension of MABAC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-MARCOS

PF-MARCOS (Pythagorean extension of MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-MOORA

PF-MOORA (Pythagorean extension of MOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-PROMETHEE

PF-PROMETHEE (Pythagorean extension of PROMETHEE) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-SAW

PF-SAW (Pythagorean extension of SAW) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-TODIM

PF-TODIM (Pythagorean extension of TODIM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Ren, P., Xu, Z., Gou, X. in 2016. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2016
decision making

PF-TOPSIS

PF-TOPSIS (Pythagorean extension of TOPSIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhang, X., Xu, Z. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-VIKOR

PF-VIKOR (Pythagorean extension of VIKOR) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Abbas, S., Hussain, Z., Hussain, Z., Ali, I., Mudabar, S.M. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2024
decision making

PF-WASPAS

PF-WASPAS (Pythagorean extension of WASPAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PF-WPM

PF-WPM (Pythagorean extension of WPM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yager, R. R. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2014
decision making

PHF-COPRAS

PHF-COPRAS (Probabilistic Hesitant extension of COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Song, H. F. Chen, Z. C. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2021
decision making

PHF-EDAS

PHF-EDAS (Extended Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic EDAS (EHFL-EDAS)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Feng, X., Wei, C., Liu, Q. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2018
decision making

PHF-TOPSIS

PHF-TOPSIS (Probabilistic Hesitant extension of TOPSIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by PENDING_LITERATURE_SEARCH. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源
decision making

PHF-VIKOR

PHF-VIKOR (Probabilistic Hesitant extension of VIKOR) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhang, S. Xu, Z. S. He, Y. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2017
decision making

PHFS-EHVAR

PHFS-EHVAR (PHFS-EHVaR — Expected Hesitant Value-at-Risk for Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets (Zhou-Xu 2017)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhou, W. Xu, Z. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2017
decision making

PHFS-HVAR

PHFS-HVAR (PHFS-HVaR — Hesitant Value-at-Risk for Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets (Zhou-Xu 2017)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhou, W. Xu, Z. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2017
decision making

PIF-ARAS

PIF-ARAS (PiF-ARAS — Picture Fuzzy extension of ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Cuong, B. C., Kreinovich, V. in 2013. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2013
decision making

PIF-ARTASI

PIF-ARTASI (Picture Fuzzy ARTASI (Kara et al. 2024)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kara, K., Yalçın, G. C., Kaygısız, E. G., Simic, V., Örnek, A. Ş., Pamucar, D. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible resu

1 个来源2024
decision making

PIF-CIMAS

PIF-CIMAS (Picture Fuzzy variant of CIMAS (Kara et al. 2024)) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kara, K., Yalçın, G. C., Kaygısız, E. G., Simic, V., Örnek, A. Ş., Pamucar, D. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured

1 个来源2024
decision making

PIF-CIMAS-ARTASI

PIF-CIMAS-ARTASI (Hybrid Picture Fuzzy weighting (CIMAS) + ranking (ARTASI)) is a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kara, K., Yalçın, G. C., Kaygısız, E. G., Simic, V., Örnek, A. Ş., Pamucar, D. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a struct

1 个来源2024
decision making

PIF-CODAS

PIF-CODAS (PiF-CODAS — Picture extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Cuong, B. C., Kreinovich, V. in 2013. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2013
decision making

PIF-COPRAS

PIF-COPRAS (PiF-COPRAS — Picture extension of COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Cuong, B. C. in 2013. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2013
decision making

PIF-DOMBI

PIF-DOMBI (Picture Fuzzy Dombi Aggregation Operators for MADM (Jana, Senapati, Pal & Yager 2019)) is a aggregationoperator multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Jana, C. Senapati, T. Pal, M. Yager, R. R. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structur

1 个来源2019
decision making

PIF-EDAS

PIF-EDAS (PiF-EDAS — Picture extension of EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Cuong, B. C., Kreinovich, V. in 2013. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 个来源2013
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