方法证据记录
Triangulated Non-participant Observation
Triangulated non-participant observation systematically combines two or more independent non-participant observation streams — using multiple observers, different time points, or distinct vantage points — to cross-validate field records of naturally occurring behaviour. The researcher remains outside the setting as a detached observer, and triangulation across sources reduces single-observer bias while strengthening the credibility of descriptive findings.
源记录
引文逐字复制自方法源记录。这些引文不代表任何层级的验证。
Triangulated Non-participant Observation
分类方法记录 · process-pipeline / survey-methodology
- Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. · URL
- Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in sociological field observations. Social Forces, 36(3), 217–223. · DOI 10.2307/2573808
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