方法证据记录
QOD
The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) is a self-report instrument assessing the subjective impact of olfactory dysfunction on quality of life and daily functioning. Derived from olfactory research standardized testing (Sniffin' Sticks) and adapted for clinical use, the QOD measures perceived smell loss, changes in taste (retronasal olfaction), and emotional consequences of anosmia or hyposmia. It is increasingly used in otolaryngology, post-viral olfactory loss assessment, and chronic rhinosinusitis programs to quantify disease burden and monitor treatment response.
源记录
引文逐字复制自方法源记录。这些引文不代表任何层级的验证。
Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders
分类方法记录 · process-pipeline / otolaryngology
- Hummel, T., Sekinger, B., Wolf, S. R., Pauli, E., & Kobal, G. (1997). 'Sniffin' Sticks': Olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chemical Senses, 22(1), 39-52. · DOI 10.1093/chemse/22.1.39
- Benigner, C., Rudolph, C., Paolucci, V., Lopinto, A., & Simbruner, R. (2015). Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD): Validation and applicability in post-infectious olfactory loss and chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology, 53(3), 235-241. · URL
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