方法证据记录
Pretest-Posttest Experimental Design
The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.
源记录
引文逐字复制自方法源记录。这些引文不代表任何层级的验证。
Pretest-Posttest Experimental Design
分类方法记录 · process-pipeline / experimental-design
- Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally. · URL
- Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin. · ISBN 978-0395615560
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