方法证据记录
Combat Exposure Scale
The CES is a 7-item self-report measure of combat exposure developed by Keane and colleagues in 1989. It quantifies the frequency and intensity of combat experiences, including direct fire, causalities witnessed, and hazardous mission environments. It is widely used in veteran research and clinical screening to characterize trauma load and risk for PTSD.
源记录
引文逐字复制自方法源记录。这些引文不代表任何层级的验证。
Combat Exposure Scale
分类方法记录 · process-pipeline / military-psychology
- Keane, T. M., Fairbank, J. A., Caddell, J. M., Zimering, R. T., Taylor, K. L., & Mora, C. A. (1989). Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment, 1(1), 53-55. · DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.1.1.53
- Keane, T. M., Caddell, J. M., & Taylor, K. L. (1988). Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD: Three studies in reliability and validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(1), 85-90. · DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.56.1.85
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