So sánh phương pháp

	Sẵn lòng chi trả (Willingness to Pay - WTP) trong Kinh tế Y tế	Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY)
Lĩnh vực	Kinh tế học y tế	Kinh tế học y tế
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1980s	1985
Người khởi xướng	Carson & Louviere (stated preference/contingent valuation methods)	Alan Williams (Health Economics Research Centre, Oxford University)
Loại	Method	Method
Công trình gốc	Carson, R. T., & Louviere, J. J. (2011). A Common Nomenclature for Stated Choice Studies. In S. Hess & A. Daly (Eds.), Choice Modelling: The State of the Art and the State of Practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.	Kind, P. (1989). The EuroQol instrument: an index of health-related quality of life. In B. Teeling Smith (Ed.), Measuring health: a practical approach. Chichester: Wiley.
Tên gọi khác	WTP, contingent valuation, stated preference method	QALY, health utility measure
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	Willingness to pay (WTP) is an economic valuation method that elicits what individuals or society are willing to spend for a health benefit or to avoid a health risk. Rooted in contingent valuation (Carson & Louviere, 1980s), WTP is used to monetize health outcomes for cost-benefit analysis and to infer implicit cost-effectiveness thresholds from actual healthcare spending patterns. Unlike revealed preference (observing actual spending behavior), WTP uses stated preferences—surveys asking respondents: 'How much would you pay for this health improvement?'	A QALY measures health benefit as utility weight (0 = death, 1 = perfect health) multiplied by time lived. Developed by Alan Williams in 1985, QALYs enable comparison of disparate health interventions on a common metric. Used globally by health technology assessment bodies—NICE (UK), HAS (France), CADTH (Canada), WHO—to decide which treatments deserve public funding.