So sánh phương pháp

	Visual Analysis of Single-Case Data	Nonoverlap of All Pairs
Lĩnh vực	Social Work	Social Work
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2010	2009
Người khởi xướng	Applied behavior analysis tradition; codified by Kratochwill et al. (What Works Clearinghouse)	Richard I. Parker & Kimberly J. Vannest
Loại	Structured graphical judgment of intervention effect in single-case time-series data	All-pairs nonoverlap effect size for single-case designs
Công trình gốc	Kratochwill, T. R., Hitchcock, J., Horner, R. H., Levin, J. R., Odom, S. L., Rindskopf, D. M., & Shadish, W. R. (2010). Single-Case Designs Technical Documentation. What Works Clearinghouse, U.S. Department of Education.	Parker, R. I., & Vannest, K. J. (2009). An improved effect size for single-case research: Nonoverlap of all pairs. Behavior Therapy, 40(4), 357–367.
Tên gọi khác	Visual Inspection of Single-Case Data, Single-Case Visual Analysis, Graphical Analysis of Single-Subject Data, Visual Analysis of Time-Series Graphs	NAP, Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP), Parker-Vannest NAP, All-Pairs Nonoverlap
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	Visual analysis is the primary method for judging whether an intervention produced an effect in single-case and single-system designs: the data are plotted as a time series across baseline and intervention phases and read systematically for changes in level, trend, variability, immediacy of effect, overlap between phases, and consistency across similar phases. Rooted in applied behavior analysis and codified by the What Works Clearinghouse single-case standards, it treats the graph itself as the evidence and reserves the label 'effect' for changes that are clear, replicated within the design, and unlikely to reflect ordinary fluctuation.	Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP) is an effect-size index for single-case research that measures how completely a treatment phase separates from a baseline phase by examining every possible pairing of a baseline point with a treatment point. Introduced by Richard Parker and Kimberly Vannest in 2009 as an improvement on the Percentage of Nonoverlapping Data, NAP reports the proportion of those pairs in which the treatment point shows improvement, is mathematically equivalent to the area under a ROC curve and the Mann-Whitney statistic, and therefore carries a known sampling distribution that supports confidence intervals and significance testing.