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| Thủy văn đơn vị× | Mô hình nước ngầm MODFLOW× | Kỹ thuật Muskingum× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Kỹ thuật xây dựng | Kỹ thuật xây dựng | Kỹ thuật xây dựng |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1932 | 1984 (original release); continuously updated through MODFLOW-6 (2017) | 1938 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | L. K. Sherman | Michael G. McDonald and Arlen W. Harbaugh (U.S. Geological Survey) | George McCarthy |
| Loại≠ | Linear transformation from rainfall to streamflow | Numerical groundwater flow simulation | Hydrologic method for flood attenuation in rivers |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Sherman, L. K. (1932). Streamflow from rainfall by the unit graph method. Engineering News-Record, 108(14), 501-505. link ↗ | Harbaugh, A. W. (2005). MODFLOW-2005, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model — the Ground-Water Flow Process. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16. link ↗ | McCarthy, G. T. (1938). The Unit Hydrograph and Flood Routing. US Army Corps of Engineers Document 608. link ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác≠ | UH, Rainfall-runoff, Hydrograph synthesis | MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-6, modular groundwater flow model, USGS groundwater model | Flood routing, Stream flow attenuation, Hydrologic routing |
| Liên quan≠ | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The unit hydrograph (UH) is a linear transformation that converts rainfall excess into streamflow for a watershed. Introduced by Sherman in 1932, the UH assumes that rainfall-runoff response is linear and time-invariant, enabling synthesis of flood hydrographs from design storms for dam spillway design and flood risk assessment. | MODFLOW is the U.S. Geological Survey's open-source, modular finite-difference model for simulating three-dimensional groundwater flow through porous media. First released in 1984 and continuously updated — most recently as MODFLOW-6 — it is the global standard for quantitative hydrogeological analysis, widely used in civil engineering, environmental consulting, water-resource management, and groundwater contamination studies. | The Muskingum method is a hydrologic flood routing technique that predicts how a flood wave attenuates (reduces in peak) and spreads as it travels down a river reach. Developed by McCarthy in 1938 for the US Army Corps of Engineers, the method is simple enough for hand calculations while capturing the essential physics of flood propagation. |
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