So sánh phương pháp

	Mã Turbo với Giải mã Lặp	Mã kiểm tra chẵn lẻ mật độ thấp (LDPC)
Lĩnh vực	Viễn thông	Viễn thông
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1993	1962
Người khởi xướng	Claude Berrou, Alain Glavieux, and Punya Thitimajshima	Robert Gallager
Loại	iterative error-correcting code	linear error-correcting code
Công trình gốc	Berrou, C., Glavieux, A., & Thitimajshima, P. (1993). Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 1064-1070.	Gallager, R. G. (1962). Low-density parity-check codes. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8(1), 21-28.
Tên gọi khác	iterative decoding, concatenated codes	sparse codes, belief propagation codes
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	Turbo codes, introduced by Berrou, Glavieux, and Thitimajshima in 1993, are a landmark in channel coding history. They achieve performance within 0.5 dB of the Shannon limit—the theoretical boundary for reliable communication—a feat previously thought impossible with practical complexity. Turbo codes use concatenated convolutional codes with an interleaver and iterative decoding via belief propagation. They were adopted in 3G (UMTS) and remain important in 4G/5G systems alongside LDPC codes.	LDPC codes, invented by Robert Gallager in 1962 and rediscovered in the 1990s by MacKay, are linear error-correcting codes defined by sparse parity-check matrices. They achieve performance within 0.4 dB of the Shannon limit with iterative belief-propagation decoding and have become the standard for modern wireless (WiFi-6, 5G NR, Digital Video Broadcasting). Unlike turbo codes, LDPC codes have a more elegant graph-theoretic structure and more mature theoretical analysis.