So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo động lực du lịch	Thang đo Hình ảnh Điểm đến
Lĩnh vực	Quản trị du lịch	Quản trị du lịch
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1979	1991
Người khởi xướng	Crompton, J. L.; Iso-Ahola, S. E.	Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B.
Loại	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire / Semantic differential scale
Công trình gốc	Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 14(4), 55-58.	Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11-15.
Tên gọi khác	TMS, Tourism Motivation Scale	DIS, Destination Perception Scale
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	The Travel Motivation Scale (TMS) measures the underlying reasons and psychological drivers that prompt individuals to take vacations and choose specific destinations. Developed by Crompton (1979) and Iso-Ahola (1982), and theoretically grounded in push–pull motivation theory, the TMS operationalizes intrinsic motivations (escape from routine, self-discovery, social connection) and destination-specific attractions (beaches, cultural sites, activities). Understanding travel motivation is central to destination positioning, experience design, and visitor segmentation, as different motivational profiles require different marketing messages and service configurations.	The Destination Image Scale (DIS) measures how potential or actual visitors perceive and emotionally evaluate a tourism destination. Developed by Echtner & Ritchie (1991) and extended by Baloglu & Brinberg (1997), it captures both rational beliefs about destination attributes (attractions, climate, value, safety) and affective emotional responses (excitement, pleasantness, arousal). Destination image is a primary driver of visitation intention and repeat patronage, making the DIS essential for destination marketing strategy and competitive positioning.