So sánh phương pháp

	Technography	Laboratory Ethnography
Lĩnh vực	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2011	1979
Người khởi xướng	Kees Jansen & Sietze Vellema (Wageningen); algorithmic strand by Taina Bucher	Bruno Latour & Steve Woolgar; Karin Knorr-Cetina
Loại	Ethnographic field method	Ethnographic field method
Công trình gốc	Jansen, K., & Vellema, S. (2011). What is technography? NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 57(3-4), 169-177.	Latour, B., & Woolgar, S. (1986). Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts (2nd ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691028323
Tên gọi khác	Ethnography of technology-in-use, Technographic analysis, Algorithmic technography	Laboratory studies, Ethnography of the laboratory, Anthropology of science
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	Technography is the ethnographic description of technology-in-use: how tools, machines, and systems are actually handled, skilled, and enacted in the course of real tasks. Articulated as a method by Kees Jansen and Sietze Vellema in the Wageningen tradition of agrarian and development studies, it places the technical at the centre of ethnographic attention, asking how people and artefacts together accomplish work. A digital strand, exemplified by Taina Bucher's study of algorithmic power, extends technography to software and platforms, examining how algorithms are encountered, felt, and acted upon. Across both, the method treats technology not as a finished object but as something performed in practice within particular social and material settings.	Laboratory ethnography is the anthropological study of scientists at work, observing how scientific facts are constructed through the mundane practices of the laboratory rather than discovered ready-made in nature. Pioneered by Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar's Laboratory Life and Karin Knorr-Cetina's The Manufacture of Knowledge in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it brought the gaze of the field anthropologist into the lab as if studying an exotic tribe. The method follows benchwork, inscription devices, and the conversational and material labour through which claims are stripped of their qualifications until they harden into facts. It treats knowledge as manufactured, local, and contingent, and renders that manufacture visible through immersive observation and thick description.