So sánh phương pháp

	Systemic Functional Analysis	Phân tích Diễn ngôn Phê phán
Lĩnh vực	Ngôn ngữ học	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1985	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
Người khởi xướng	M. A. K. Halliday (analytic procedure within Systemic Functional Linguistics)	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
Loại	Qualitative functional analysis of texts via metafunctions	Qualitative research method
Công trình gốc	Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2014). Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 9781444146608	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
Tên gọi khác	SFL Text Analysis, Metafunctional Analysis, Functional Grammar Analysis	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
Liên quan	4	6
Tóm tắt	Systemic functional analysis is the procedure of analyzing texts through the lens of M. A. K. Halliday's systemic functional linguistics, which holds that every clause simultaneously makes three kinds of meaning. The analyst works through a text clause by clause, examining its ideational meaning (who does what to whom, through the transitivity system of process types and participants), its interpersonal meaning (how the clause enacts a relationship, through mood and modality), and its textual meaning (how it is organized as a message, through theme and rheme). These three metafunctions together let the analyst show, in fine grammatical detail, how a text construes experience, negotiates social roles, and packages information.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.