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| System Justification Scale× | Thang đo Ý thức hệ Chính trị× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Tâm lý học chính trị | Tâm lý học chính trị |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1994 | 1990 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | John T. Jost & Mahzarin R. Banaji | Hans-Dieter Klingemann & Norberto Bobbio |
| Loại≠ | Self-report attitude scale | Self-report |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(1), 1-27. DOI ↗ | Fuchs, D., & Klingemann, H. D. (1990). The left-right schema. In M. Kent Jennings & Jan W. Van Deth (Eds.), Continuities in political action. Berlin: De Gruyter. link ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | SJS, General System Justification Scale, Economic System Justification Scale | Left-Right Scale, Ideology Continuum, Political Spectrum Scale |
| Liên quan≠ | 4 | 3 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The System Justification Scale operationalizes system justification theory, introduced by Jost and Banaji (1994), which holds that people are motivated to defend, bolster, and rationalize the existing social, economic, and political status quo, even when doing so runs against their personal or group interest. The general version, refined by Kay and Jost (2003), is an 8-item self-report measure on which respondents rate agreement with statements such as 'In general, the American political system operates as it should' on a 7- or 9-point Likert scale. | The Political Ideology Scale measures individual self-placement on a left-right political spectrum, capturing fundamental preferences for government role, economic organization, and social values. The single-item self-placement measure (most common) asks respondents to rate themselves on a 0-10 or 0-100 continuum; multi-item versions assess distinct ideological dimensions (economic policy, social policy, nationalism). The left-right axis remains the dominant organizing principle of political competition globally, predicting party choice, policy preferences, and electoral behavior despite critiques that it oversimplifies multidimensional political space. |
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