So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Lo âu trong Thể thao (Sport Anxiety Scale - SAS)	Bảng câu hỏi về Sức bền tinh thần (MTQ48)
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học thể thao	Tâm lý học thể thao
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1990	2002
Người khởi xướng	Ronald Smith, Frank Smoll, Robert Schutz	Peter Clough, Keith Earle, David Sewell
Loại	Self-report sport-specific trait anxiety questionnaire	Self-report mental toughness and resilience questionnaire
Công trình gốc	Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Schutz, R. W. (1990). Measurement and correlates of sport-specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: The Sport Anxiety Scale. Anxiety Research, 2(4), 263–280.	Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: A definition and measured construct. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 169–187.
Tên gọi khác	SAS, SAS-2, Sport-Specific Anxiety	MTQ48, Mental Toughness, 4Cs
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The SAS is a 15–21 item questionnaire measuring trait (dispositional) sport-specific anxiety—the tendency to experience worry and physiological arousal in sport-competitive contexts. Developed by Smith, Smoll, and Schutz in 1990, the SAS is the primary instrument for assessing individual differences in sport anxiety proneness and for predicting anxiety management needs across diverse athletic populations.	The MTQ48 is a 48-item instrument measuring mental toughness—the capacity to perform well under pressure, persist through adversity, maintain emotional control, and sustain commitment toward goals. Developed by Clough, Earle, and Sewell in 2002, the MTQ48 operationalizes mental toughness across four dimensions (the '4Cs': Control, Commitment, Challenge, and Confidence) and has become widely adopted in sport psychology, talent development, and organizational psychology for identifying and developing psychological resilience.