So sánh phương pháp

	Mạng định nghĩa bằng phần mềm (SDN)	Giao thức Cổng Biên (BGP)	Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Lĩnh vực	Viễn thông	Viễn thông	Viễn thông
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2008	1989	2001
Người khởi xướng	Nick McKeown et al.	IETF Routing Protocols Working Group	IETF MPLS Working Group
Loại	programmable network paradigm	path-vector routing protocol	label-based forwarding paradigm
Công trình gốc	McKeown, N., Anderson, T., Balakrishnan, H., et al. (2008). OpenFlow: enabling innovation in campus networks. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 38(2), 69-74.	Rekhter, Y., Li, T., & Hares, S. (2006). A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4). RFC 4271.	Rosen, E. C., Viswanathan, A., & Callon, R. (2001). Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture. RFC 3031.
Tên gọi khác	network virtualization, programmable networks	exterior gateway protocol, inter-domain routing	label switching, traffic engineering
Liên quan	4	2	4
Tóm tắt	Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a network architecture paradigm that decouples the control plane (routing decisions) from the data plane (packet forwarding). Introduced by McKeown et al. (2008) with OpenFlow, SDN enables network programmability by centralizing control logic in software-based controllers that direct forwarding behavior of simple programmable switches. SDN has transformed network operations, enabling rapid service deployment, traffic engineering, and cloud integration. It is now foundational in data centers and service provider networks.	BGP is the de facto standard routing protocol for interconnecting autonomous systems (ASs) on the Internet. Since its introduction in 1989, BGP has scaled the Internet to millions of routers and trillions of destinations. BGP is path-vector-based, using a flexible policy system to control route propagation and selection. While BGP convergence can be slow and policies complex, it remains the only viable protocol for Internet-scale inter-domain routing.	Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a forwarding paradigm that prepends a short label to packets, enabling routers to make forwarding decisions based on the label rather than IP destination address. Introduced by IETF (2001), MPLS was designed to enable traffic engineering, VPN creation, and fast rerouting in IP networks. While MPLS complexity is high, it remains foundational in service provider backbones for traffic engineering and Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning.