So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Khoảng cách Xã hội	Thước đo Bản sắc Dân tộc Đa nhóm
Lĩnh vực	Điều dưỡng xuyên văn hóa	Điều dưỡng xuyên văn hóa
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1933	1992
Người khởi xướng	Emory Bogardus	Phinney, J. S.
Loại	Self-report	Self-report
Công trình gốc	Bogardus, E. S. (1933). A social distance scale. Sociology and Social Research, 17(3), 265–271.	Phinney, J. S. (1992). The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A new scale for use with adolescents and young adults from diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7(2), 156–176.
Tên gọi khác	SDS, Bogardus Scale	MEIM, MEIM-R
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The Social Distance Scale (SDS), also known as the Bogardus Scale, is a classic sociological instrument designed to measure the degree of social acceptance, prejudice, or social distance that individuals feel toward members of different ethnic, racial, or social groups. Originally developed by Emory Bogardus in 1933 and updated by researchers including Parrillo and Donoghue, the SDS assesses willingness for increasing levels of contact and intimacy with outgroup members, from casual acquaintance to family relationships. The scale is widely used in sociology, psychology, and health research to evaluate attitudes toward diversity and to track changes in intergroup relations.	The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) is a self-report instrument designed to assess ethnic identity development among adolescents and young adults from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Originally developed by Phinney in 1992, the MEIM measures two primary dimensions: ethnic identity search (active exploration of one's ethnicity) and affirmation-belonging-commitment (positive feelings and sense of belonging to one's ethnic group). The instrument is widely used in developmental, clinical, and health research to evaluate ethnic identity formation, its relationship to psychological well-being, and health outcomes across diverse populations.