So sánh phương pháp

	Smart City Index	Housing Affordability Index
Lĩnh vực	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2011	2006
Người khởi xướng	Giffinger et al. (smart-city dimensions); Caragliu, Del Bo & Nijkamp (smart-city concept)	Housing-economics tradition (ratio measures); Michael E. Stone (residual-income approach)
Loại	Composite index aggregating indicators across smart-city dimensions	Index/ratio comparing housing cost to household income
Công trình gốc	Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 65–82.	Stone, M. E. (2006). What is housing affordability? The case for the residual income approach. Housing Policy Debate, 17(1), 151–184.
Tên gọi khác	Smart City Ranking, Cities in Motion Index, Smart-City Composite Indicator, Smart City Performance Index	Median Multiple, Housing Cost Burden Ratio, Residual Income Affordability, NAR Housing Affordability Index
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	A smart city index is a composite indicator that scores and ranks cities on how 'smart' they are across several dimensions — typically economy, people, governance, mobility, environment and living. Each dimension gathers many raw indicators that are normalised onto a common scale, weighted, and aggregated first into dimension scores and then into a single overall number. Prominent examples such as the European smart-cities ranking of Giffinger and colleagues and the IESE Cities in Motion Index made this six-axis framing standard, turning a sprawling, contested concept into a benchmark cities can be compared on.	A housing affordability index summarises how the cost of housing in a city or market relates to what households can pay, condensing prices, rents and incomes into a single interpretable number. The simplest forms are ratios — the median house price divided by median income, or housing outlays as a share of income — while the residual-income approach championed by Michael Stone instead asks what is left for everything else after housing is paid. Together these measures let analysts compare affordability across places and over time, flag cost-burdened populations, and track housing stress as markets shift.