So sánh phương pháp

	Poverty Mapping (Small-Area Estimation)	Asset Index Construction
Lĩnh vực	Development Studies	Development Studies
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2003	2001
Người khởi xướng	Chris Elbers, Jean O. Lanjouw & Peter Lanjouw	Deon Filmer & Lant Pritchett
Loại	Census-survey small-area poverty estimation method	Composite socioeconomic-status proxy index
Công trình gốc	Elbers, C., Lanjouw, J. O., & Lanjouw, P. (2003). Micro-Level Estimation of Poverty and Inequality. Econometrica, 71(1), 355-364.	Filmer, D., & Pritchett, L. H. (2001). Estimating Wealth Effects without Expenditure Data—or Tears: An Application to Educational Enrollments in States of India. Demography, 38(1), 115-132.
Tên gọi khác	ELL Method, Poverty Mapping, Census-Survey Poverty Estimation, Small-Area Poverty Estimation	Wealth Index, Asset Index, PCA Wealth Index, Socioeconomic Status Index
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	ELL poverty mapping, named after Chris Elbers, Jean Lanjouw, and Peter Lanjouw, is a small-area estimation method that produces poverty and inequality estimates for geographic units far smaller than a household survey can support on its own. It combines two data sources: a detailed household survey that measures consumption but covers too few households per locality, and a population census that covers everyone but does not measure consumption. The method estimates a model of consumption on variables common to both, imputes consumption into the census, and simulates to generate poverty estimates — with statistically valid standard errors — for districts, communes, or even villages, which are then drawn as poverty maps.	Asset index construction builds a proxy for household wealth or socioeconomic status from observable possessions — durable goods, housing quality, and access to utilities — when reliable income or consumption data are unavailable. The dominant approach, popularized by Deon Filmer and Lant Pritchett in 2001, applies principal component analysis (PCA) to a set of asset variables and uses the first principal component as a set of weights, producing a single wealth score for each household. The method underlies the wealth quintiles reported in Demographic and Health Surveys and many other household surveys across low- and middle-income countries.