So sánh phương pháp

	Thuật toán Shor	Thuật toán Grover	Phân phối khóa lượng tử (BB84)	Ước lượng Pha Lượng tử
Lĩnh vực	Tính toán lượng tử	Tính toán lượng tử	Tính toán lượng tử	Tính toán lượng tử
Họ	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Năm ra đời	1994	1996	1984	1995
Người khởi xướng	Peter Shor	Lov Grover	Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard	Alexei Kitaev
Loại	Quantum algorithm	Quantum algorithm	Cryptographic protocol	Subroutine algorithm
Công trình gốc	Shor, P. W. (1994). Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 124–134.	Grover, L. K. (1996). A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search. Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), 212–219.	Bennett, C. H., Brassard, G. (1984). Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems, and Signal Processing, 175–179.	Kitaev, A. Y. (1995). Quantum measurements and the Abelian stabilizer problem. arXiv preprint quant-ph/9511026.
Tên gọi khác	Shor factorization, quantum factorization	quantum search, amplitude amplification	BB84, quantum cryptography	QPE, phase kickback
Liên quan	3	3	2	3
Tóm tắt	Shor's Algorithm is a polynomial-time quantum algorithm for factoring large integers and computing discrete logarithms, problems believed to be intractable on classical computers. Discovered by Peter Shor in 1994, it demonstrated the potential of quantum computers to break widely used cryptographic systems like RSA, marking a landmark in quantum computing theory.	Grover's Algorithm is a quantum algorithm for searching an unsorted database, offering a quadratic speedup over classical linear search. Proposed by Lov Grover in 1996, it exploits quantum superposition and amplitude amplification to find a target item among N items in O(√N) queries, compared to the classical O(N) requirement.	Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) BB84 is a cryptographic protocol allowing two parties to establish a shared secret key using quantum mechanics. Proposed by Bennett and Brassard in 1984, BB84 provides information-theoretic security: an eavesdropper's presence is guaranteed to be detected, and the secret key is provably secure against unlimited computational power.	Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) is a fundamental quantum subroutine that estimates the eigenvalues of a unitary operator. Developed by Alexei Kitaev in 1995, QPE combines controlled unitary evolution with the quantum Fourier transform to extract eigenvalues from quantum states with exponential precision scaling.