So sánh phương pháp

	Phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc	Nghiên cứu nhóm tập trung	Lý thuyết Nền tảng
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Định tính	Nghiên cứu định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1946 (Merton & Kendall); codified as a standard method through the 1980s–1990s	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s	1967
Người khởi xướng	Robert K. Merton and Patricia Kendall (focused interview, 1946); further systematised by Steinar Kvale	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
Loại	Qualitative research method	Qualitative data collection method	Method
Công trình gốc	Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
Tên gọi khác	guided interview, semi-standardized interview, focused interview, SSI	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması	GT, Grounded Theory Approach
Liên quan	6	6	3
Tóm tắt	The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher prepares a set of key questions or topic areas in advance but remains free to probe, follow up, and reorder as the conversation evolves. Unlike structured interviews — which fix every question and sequence — or unstructured interviews — which are entirely open — the semi-structured format balances comparability across participants with the flexibility needed to capture the depth and nuance of individual perspectives. It is the most widely used interview format in social science, health, and education research.	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.