So sánh phương pháp

	Risk and Resilience Assessment	Strengths Assessment
Lĩnh vực	Social Work	Social Work
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1999	2012
Người khởi xướng	Mark W. Fraser & colleagues (ecological risk-and-resilience framework)	Dennis Saleebey (strengths perspective); Charles Rapp & Richard Goscha (strengths model assessment)
Loại	Ecological assessment of risk and protective factors across multiple system levels	Structured, domain-based assessment of client and environmental strengths
Công trình gốc	Fraser, M. W., Richman, J. M., & Galinsky, M. J. (1999). Risk, protection, and resilience: Toward a conceptual framework for social work practice. Social Work Research, 23(3), 131–143.	Saleebey, D. (Ed.). (2013). The Strengths Perspective in Social Work Practice (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 9780205011544
Tên gọi khác	Risk and Protective Factors Assessment, Resilience-Based Assessment, Ecological Risk-Resilience Framework, Risk and Resilience Framework	Strengths-Based Assessment, Strengths Perspective Assessment, Strengths Model Assessment, Asset-Based Assessment
Liên quan	4	3
Tóm tắt	Risk and resilience assessment is an ecological approach to understanding why some people exposed to adversity fare poorly while others do well, by identifying the risk factors that increase the likelihood of negative outcomes and the protective factors that buffer against them, across individual, family, and environmental levels. Articulated for social work by Mark Fraser and colleagues, it shifts assessment from cataloguing deficits to weighing the dynamic balance of vulnerabilities and strengths, and uses that balance to target interventions that reduce risk and bolster protection.	Strengths assessment is a structured way of assessing a client that deliberately foregrounds capabilities, resources, and aspirations rather than deficits and problems. Grounded in the strengths perspective articulated by Dennis Saleebey and operationalized in Charles Rapp and Richard Goscha's strengths model, it surveys the client's life domains — such as daily living, health, finances, relationships, leisure, and spirituality — to record what is already working, what the person wants, and the personal and environmental resources available to get there. Those strengths then become the raw material for goal-setting and intervention.