So sánh phương pháp

	Nghiên cứu Trường hợp-Đối chứng Lồng ghép Điều chỉnh theo Rủi ro	Nghiên cứu thuần tập
Lĩnh vực	Dịch tễ học	Dịch tễ học
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1977 (nested case-control); risk-adjusted extensions 1980s–2000s	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
Người khởi xướng	Thomas (1977) for nested case-control; risk adjustment extensions developed through pharmacoepidemiology literature (1980s–2000s)	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
Loại	Observational analytical study design	Observational longitudinal study design
Công trình gốc	Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
Tên gọi khác	risk-adjusted NCC, covariate-adjusted nested case-control, propensity-score nested case-control, nested case-control with risk adjustment	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
Liên quan	4	6
Tóm tắt	A risk-adjusted nested case-control study embeds a case-control comparison inside a defined cohort and explicitly accounts for differences in baseline risk between cases and controls through covariate adjustment — most commonly via risk scores, propensity scores, or stratification. It preserves the efficiency advantages of the nested design while reducing confounding attributable to pre-existing risk differentials, making it especially valuable in pharmacoepidemiology and clinical effectiveness research.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.