So sánh phương pháp

	Gian lận nghiên cứu	Các nguyên tắc về liêm chính nghiên cứu
Lĩnh vực	Đạo đức nghiên cứu	Đạo đức nghiên cứu
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2005	2007
Người khởi xướng	U.S. Office of Research Integrity (ORI) / National Science Foundation; International standards via COPE	Multiple (National Academies, NIH/ORI, ESOMAR, individual discipline standards)
Loại	Standard	Framework
Công trình gốc	U.S. Office of Research Integrity. (2005). Public Health Service Policy on Research Misconduct. 42 CFR Part 93. Federal Register.	National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Fostering Integrity in Research. The National Academies Press.
Tên gọi khác	FFP, Research Fraud, Scientific Misconduct	Responsible Conduct of Research, RCR, Research Ethics Standards
Liên quan	3	4
Tóm tắt	Research misconduct comprises intentional or reckless fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, conducting, or reporting research. Formally defined by U.S. federal policy (42 CFR Part 93, Office of Research Integrity), misconduct is distinguished from honest error, negligence, and good-faith disagreements about research methods or interpretation. Misconduct undermines scientific integrity, harms subjects and institutions, wastes research resources, and erodes public trust in science. Allegations are investigated formally with due process; proven misconduct results in sanctions ranging from publication correction to career-ending bans.	Research integrity encompasses the ethical and professional standards that guide responsible conduct in all aspects of research—from study design and data collection through analysis, reporting, and publication. The core principles—honesty, transparency, accountability, respect, and stewardship—ensure that research is trustworthy, reproducible, and contributes legitimate knowledge. These principles are universal across disciplines and are enforced through institutional policies, professional standards, and regulatory oversight. Violations of research integrity undermine scientific credibility and can harm subjects, institutions, and public trust.