So sánh phương pháp

	Recreation Experience Preference Scales	Recreation Specialization Continuum
Lĩnh vực	Sport Leisure Studies	Sport Leisure Studies
Họ	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1996	1977
Người khởi xướng	B. L. Driver; Michael J. Manfredo & Michael A. Tarrant	Hobson Bryan; David Scott & C. Scott Shafer
Loại	Latent-structure measurement model of desired psychological outcomes of recreation	Developmental continuum framework for recreationist progression
Công trình gốc	Manfredo, M. J., Driver, B. L., & Tarrant, M. A. (1996). Measuring Leisure Motivation: A Meta-Analysis of the Recreation Experience Preference Scales. Journal of Leisure Research, 28(3), 188-213.	Bryan, H. (1977). Leisure value systems and recreational specialization: The case of trout fishermen. Journal of Leisure Research, 9(3), 174-187.
Tên gọi khác	REP Scales, Driver REP Scales, Recreation Experience Preferences, Desired Outcomes Scales	Recreation Specialization, Recreational Specialization Continuum, Specialization Framework
Liên quan	4	3
Tóm tắt	The Recreation Experience Preference (REP) scales are a hierarchical battery of self-report measures, developed by B. L. Driver and colleagues over three decades, that quantify the desired psychological outcomes people seek from recreation. Rather than asking which activity someone prefers, REP asks why — capturing the experiences a person hopes to attain, organized into broad domains (such as enjoying nature, escaping pressure, achievement, affiliation, and learning) that each contain narrower scales. Manfredo, Driver, and Tarrant's 1996 meta-analysis in the Journal of Leisure Research consolidated more than three dozen studies that had used REP items, documenting a stable factor structure and reliable subscales and establishing REP as the standard motivational measure in outdoor recreation. The instrument operationalizes the behavioral, or expectancy-valence, view that recreation is goal-directed: people choose settings and activities expecting to satisfy specific experiential goals.	Recreation specialization is a framework for describing how participants in an outdoor activity progress from general, casual involvement toward focused, specialized engagement, and for placing them along that continuum. Hobson Bryan introduced the construct in his 1977 study of trout fishermen, defining specialization as a continuum of behavior from the general to the particular, reflected in the equipment people use, the skills they develop, and their setting preferences and activity-related commitment. The idea quickly became one of the most-used frameworks in outdoor recreation research because it predicts that more specialized participants differ systematically from novices in attitudes, resource dependence, and management preferences. David Scott and C. Scott Shafer's 2001 critical review tightened the construct, arguing that specialization is fundamentally a developmental process spanning behavior, skill and commitment, and warning against reducing it to a single composite index. The continuum gives managers and researchers a way to segment a heterogeneous user population and anticipate how attitudes shift as involvement deepens.