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	Thang đo Hướng tôn giáo Quest	Thang đo Tôn giáo Nội tại-Ngoại tại (Thang đo I/E)
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học tôn giáo	Tâm lý học tôn giáo
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1976	1967
Người khởi xướng	Daniel C. Batson & W. Larry Ventis	Gordon W. Allport & J. Michael Ross
Loại	Self-report	Self-report
Công trình gốc	Batson, C. D., & Ventis, W. L. (1982). The Religious Experience: A Social-Psychological Perspective. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780195030761.	Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432–443.
Tên gọi khác	Quest Scale, Religious Quest	I/E Scale, Allport-Ross Scale
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The Quest Scale, developed by Batson and Ventis (1976), is a 12-item self-report measure of a third religious orientation beyond Allport and Ross's intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. The 'quest' orientation reflects an open, questioning approach to religion: someone who views faith as an ongoing journey of exploration and doubt rather than a settled worldview or instrumental tool. High quest scorers embrace existential uncertainty, seek genuine answers to life's deepest questions, and are comfortable with religious doubt and revision. The scale has become important in understanding mature religious development and predicting prosocial behavior, openness, and psychological flexibility.	The I/E Scale, originally developed by Allport and Ross in 1967, is a foundational measure in the psychology of religion that distinguishes between two motivational orientations toward religion: intrinsic (religion as end in itself, source of meaning) versus extrinsic (religion as means to social, personal, or practical ends). This conceptual distinction has profoundly influenced decades of research on religious prejudice, moral behavior, and health outcomes. The original 20-item version has been refined to a 14-item form (I/E-Revised) that improves psychometric properties while maintaining theoretical clarity.