So sánh phương pháp

	Thiết kế phương pháp hỗn hợp biến đổi ưu tiên định lượng	Thiết kế phương pháp hỗn hợp đa cấp
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế nghiên cứu	Thiết kế nghiên cứu
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2003–2007 (Mertens); systematised 2011 (Creswell & Plano Clark)	Late 1990s–2000s
Người khởi xướng	Donna M. Mertens (transformative paradigm); John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (mixed methods typology)	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
Loại	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
Công trình gốc	Mertens, D. M. (2007). Transformative paradigm: Mixed methods and social justice. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(3), 212–225.	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
Tên gọi khác	QUAN-dominant transformative MMR, transformative mixed methods (quantitative priority), transformative QUAN-priority design, advocacy-framed mixed methods (quantitative emphasis)	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
Liên quan	6	5
Tóm tắt	Quantitative-dominant transformative mixed methods design embeds a transformative theoretical lens — such as feminist, critical race, or disability theory — as the overarching framework of a study while assigning greater weight and priority to quantitative data collection and analysis. Qualitative data play a secondary, supplementary role, typically contextualising or deepening statistical findings. The design is common in social justice, equity, and advocacy-oriented applied research where large-scale measurement is essential but must be grounded in an explicit commitment to marginalized communities.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.