So sánh phương pháp

	Đánh giá thử nghiệm sàng lọc tiềm năng	Nghiên cứu thuần tập
Lĩnh vực	Dịch tễ học	Dịch tễ học
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1980s–2000s (STARD 2003, updated 2015)	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
Người khởi xướng	Formalized through diagnostic accuracy methodology (Sackett, Haynes, Tugwell; STARD initiative)	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
Loại	Prospective observational study design	Observational longitudinal study design
Công trình gốc	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., et al. (2015). STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
Tên gọi khác	prospective diagnostic accuracy study, prospective test performance study, forward-looking screening validation, prospective DTA study	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
Liên quan	6	6
Tóm tắt	A prospective screening test evaluation enrolls participants before the outcome is known, applies the screening test and the reference standard in temporal sequence, and measures how accurately the test identifies individuals with or without the target condition. This forward-looking design minimizes workup bias and spectrum bias, producing estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values that are more generalizable to real clinical or public-health screening contexts than retrospective alternatives.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.