So sánh phương pháp

	Thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên có đối chứng tiến cứu	Thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên (RCT)
Lĩnh vực	Dịch tễ học	Dịch tễ học
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1948 (landmark MRC streptomycin trial)	1948 (first rigorously conducted RCT — MRC streptomycin trial)
Người khởi xướng	Austin Bradford Hill / Medical Research Council	Austin Bradford Hill; MRC Streptomycin Trial team
Loại	Experimental / interventional study design	Interventional experimental study
Công trình gốc	Medical Research Council (1948). Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a Medical Research Council investigation. British Medical Journal, 2(4582), 769–782.	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385
Tên gọi khác	Prospective RCT, randomized controlled trial, RCT, controlled clinical trial	RCT, randomized controlled trial, randomised controlled trial, clinical randomized trial
Liên quan	5	6
Tóm tắt	A prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study in which participants are assigned to intervention or control groups by chance before any outcomes are observed, then followed forward in time. Random allocation eliminates systematic selection bias, making this design the gold standard for establishing causal efficacy of treatments in medicine and clinical research.	A randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study design in which participants are randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group, then followed prospectively to compare outcomes. Random allocation is the defining feature: it distributes known and unknown confounders across groups by chance, making the RCT the strongest individual study design for establishing causal efficacy of a treatment or intervention under controlled conditions.